In 1516, the Mamluk army was defeated by the Ottoman Turkish forces, who conquered the country under the leadership of Sultan Selim I. They ruled the country until 1917, when they were defeated by the British army.

From: Vakrat, Ora, 1977, Lod - Historical Geography, published by Goma and the Municipality of Lod - Cherikover.

During this period, Lod ceased to serve as a district capital. Ramla served as the district capital, where a Turkish governor, who held the title of “Mudir,” resided. Lod was administratively subordinate to the “Mudir.”

From: Vekert, Ora, 1977, Lod - Historical Geography, published by Goma and the Municipality of Lod - Cherikover.

Throughout the Ottoman period, there was constant movement of travelers and pilgrims in the Land of Israel. Lod, located on the caravan route between the port of Jaffa and Jerusalem, received many visitors, and therefore there is more extensive information about this period than about the Middle Ages.

From: Zohar Baram, From Emmaus to Lod: From the Lowlands (Shefela) to the Sea

Shortly after the Turkish conquest, another strong earthquake struck Lod in 1546 and severely damaged it. A Franciscan priest who passed through the country between 1629 and 1643, named Abegius Roza, described Lod in the 17th century: According to him, most of the inhabitants of Lod were engaged in agriculture, growing good cotton, and selling livestock in the Lod market. Apparently, there was a group of Jews living in Lod in 1660, but they were murdered for unknown reasons. Other visitors in the 17th century also noted the agricultural character of Lod and the ruins of St. George's Church, which had been destroyed for hundreds of years (1268-1874). In the 18th century, a priest named Marcel Ladoir described Lod as a small village located near the “Great Road” to Jerusalem.

In the 19th century, Lod began to develop mainly from the middle of the century after the Peasant (Fellahin) Revolt of 1840: Christians in the country enjoyed better security after foreign consulates were opened in the country. The British heir (later King Edward VII) also visited the city of Lod. Most of the important researchers of the Land of Israel came to Lod during this period. Among them was the researcher Edward Robinson, the father of historical-geographical research in the Land of Israel. In 1838, he wrote, “Lod is a serious village with small houses, not distinguishable from other Muslim villages only by the ruins of the famous cathedral named after St. George.”

From: Zohar Baram, From Emmaus to Lod: From the Lowlands (Shefela) to the Sea

In 1875, 8,000 people lived in Lod, most of them Muslims and a Christian minority. In 1885, two Jews, Fineberg and Nimzovich, attempted to establish the oil and soap industries in Lod, but they were not economically successful, even though the Arabs operated oil presses and soap factories in Lod.

A significant boost to Lod's development came with the railway: in 1888, at the end of the 19th century, Joseph Navon of Jerusalem was granted a concession to lay a railway line from Jaffa to Jerusalem. He sold it to a French company, which began work in 1890 and completed it in 1892. The train began running on the Jaffa-Lod-Ramla-Jerusalem line.

In 1911, a strong earthquake struck and caused extensive damage to the old quarter of Lod. In 1917, the British conquered the Land of Israel, bringing an end to Ottoman rule in the country.

From: Vakar, Ora, 1977, Lod - Historical Geography, published by Goma and the Municipality of Lod - Cherikover.